European Hornbeam
Carpinus betulus · Betulaceae · 유럽서어나무
How to spot it
Doubly toothed leaves, prominent veins, small nutlets with three-lobed bracts, and a fluted trunk.
Look
- Leaves
- Alternate ovate simple leaves with doubly toothed margins and prominent veins.
- Flowers
- Yellow male catkins and green female catkins appear before the leaves; wind-pollinated.
- Fruit
- Small, hard brown nutlets hang with three-lobed bracts.
- Bark
- Young bark is smooth gray-brown; the trunk develops vertical ridges.
Where it grows
- Native to
- Native from Europe to Iran.
- Ecology
- Sources record that the fruit feeds small birds and mammals and the leaves feed the larvae of several moths.
Sources
- NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox
- 국립수목원 국가표준재배식물목록(개정)
- Carpinus betulus — EUFORGEN European forest genetic resources programme
- Carpinus betulus — European Atlas of Forest Tree Species
- Woodland Trust(영국 산림보전 자선단체)
- 시티오브런던 공사(City of London Corporation) 보도자료 'New report: Epping Forest valued at £1.9 billion to society'
- British History Online — A History of the County of Essex vol. 4 (Victoria County History) 'Loughton: Loughton and the preservation of Epping Forest'
- 에핑숲 유산재단(Epping Forest Heritage Trust) 'Coppicing & Pollarding: Managing the Trees of Epping Forest'